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The complete blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque is usually the underlying mechanism of an MI. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake. Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. Women more often present without chest pain and instead have neck pain, arm pain or feel tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, feeling tired, and decreased level of consciousness. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn.

Often such pain occurs in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck or jaw. STEMI 10% risk of death (developed world) Ī myocardial infarction ( MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in one of the coronary arteries of the heart, causing infarction (tissue death) to the heart muscle. Percutaneous coronary intervention, thrombolysis High blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol Įlectrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, coronary angiography Heart failure, irregular heartbeat, cardiogenic shock, coma, cardiac arrest

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart attackĪ myocardial infarction occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque slowly builds up in the inner lining of a coronary artery and then suddenly ruptures, causing catastrophic thrombus formation, totally occluding the artery and preventing blood flow downstream to the heart muscle.Ĭhest pain, shortness of breath, nausea/vomiting, dizziness or lightheadedness, cold sweat, feeling tired arm, neck, back, jaw, or stomach pain, decreased level or total loss of consciousness

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